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Financing of the Export Contract
Gazdaricová, Jana ; Mlejnek, Milan (referee) ; Zeman, Václav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of financing export contract in the company. The theoretical part provides an insight into the opportunities that companies currently have in financing their activities. There is an overview of the various forms of internal and external financing and their basic characteristics. The practical part is focused on a specific business case and options for financing various parts of the contract. The conclusion provides a comprehensive overview of the variations, their comparisons and recommendations of the best one from the complex perspective.
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Prevention of Risks in International Trade
Punčochářová, Hana ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Doing business is always accompanied by risks. International trade usually brings new types of risk or at least increases the frequency and intensity of the current ones. The main objective of this thesis is to identify the risks that may arrise for Czech exporters in international operations and to present the possibilities of risk management (especially management of credit and country risk). The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter provides a classification of risks. The second one describes phases of international business operations and provides a detailed explanation of selected instruments (bank guarantees, letters of credit, insurance, purchase of receivables etc.). Last chapter consists of two business cases inspired by contracts of Solar Turbines.
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Bank risk mitigating tools in international trade
Klarová, Diana ; Halík, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vyhnánek, Radim (referee)
This thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and analytical. In the theoretical part, there are defined groups of risks related to doing business internationally and selected bank risk mitigating tools used as a protection against the risks mentioned. Specifically, there are discussed the most used types of bank guarantees, documentary collection and letter of credit. The second part of this thesis, analytical part, comprises of five business cases presenting adequate application of a bank guarantee instrument. Complex business case follows where various risks are analyzed from many angles. Analysis outcome is a recommendation of optimal business solution using a combination of various Trade Finance products.
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Documentary payment relations
Švejda, Jan ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Křenková, Eva (referee)
Payment relations are an important part of international commerce and their constant evolution is vital. Digitalization in this regard has the potential to fundamentally change the payment relations by increasing its efficiency. This in result would mean a reduction of costs related to payment operations. This thesis considers if electronic payment methods, above all Bank Payment Obligation, will substitute traditional documentary instruments like letter of credit or bank guarantee. The thesis found certain barriers to the full utilization of digitalization of payment operations and the main conclusion is, that in the European Union and the Czech Republic traditional instruments will not be replaced in the near future.
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The impact of Basel III on trade finance
Malešová, Jana ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Žigraiová, Diana (referee)
The thesis focuses on the impact of the banking regulation Basel III on bank-intermediated trade finance. The theoretical part of the thesis explains details of Basel III requirements, history of Basel Accords and their future in the form of Basel IV, characteristics of trade finance products and of the whole industry. Trade finance industry voiced worries about the negative effect that these new requirements might have on trade finance business. The thesis estimates determinants of bank-intermediated trade finance and includes a regulatory variable. We use trade finance data from the Czech Republic and Hong Kong in 2000−2014 and from India in 2007−2014. A negative effect of Basel III on trade finance growth is found using pooled OLS regression. Contrary to previous research, we also estimate a negative coefficient of banks' capital to assets ratios. To the best of our knowledge, the thesis provides the first empirical analysis of the impact of Basel III on trade finance. Trade finance research usually focuses more on the relationship of trade finance and trade flows and the thesis provides an extensive literature summary of this topic. The final part of the thesis contrasts different levels of risk of trade finance and shows that the imputed low-riskiness does not apply to the Czech data.
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Financing of the Export Contract
Gazdaricová, Jana ; Mlejnek, Milan (referee) ; Zeman, Václav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of financing export contract in the company. The theoretical part provides an insight into the opportunities that companies currently have in financing their activities. There is an overview of the various forms of internal and external financing and their basic characteristics. The practical part is focused on a specific business case and options for financing various parts of the contract. The conclusion provides a comprehensive overview of the variations, their comparisons and recommendations of the best one from the complex perspective.
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Payment and hedging instruments in international trade and their comparison on Czech banking market
Kolářová, Tereza ; Němečková, Iveta (advisor) ; Hinčica, Vít (referee)
This thesis is devoted to analysis of payment and hedging instruments used in international trade. The main purpose of this thesis is comparison of charges associated with the use of Documentary Collection, Letter of Credit and Bank Guarantee in the five largest Czech banks. The first part briefly describes their basic characteristics, the main advantages and disadvantages and also the situations in which it is appropriate to use these instruments. The third part is focused on analysis of trends in the use of these instruments for trade finance, as well as the use of Documentary Collection and Letter of Credit in various regions of the world. The last part is devoted to the comparison of charges associated with these instruments in selected banks, firstly in general and then on illustrative examples.
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Comparison of hedging instruments in international trade
Štrossová, Šárka ; Němečková, Iveta (advisor) ; Hinčica, Vít (referee)
The thesis is divided into two parts -- theoretical and practical. In first part hedging instruments, namely the Letter of Credit, Documentary Collection, Bill of Exchange, Factoring, Forfaiting and Bank Guarantee are analyzed. The aim of analysis is to describe the basic characteristics of instruments and course of these instruments. Subsequently, the instruments are compared to each other on the basis of the advantages and disadvatages they bring to participants. The next part is devoted to an analysis of charges associated with the use of particular hedging instruments in selected banks and the comparison of instruments based on selected criteria. The specific use of the hedging instrument is shown in the case study.
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Bank security instruments in international trade
Lachová, Denisa ; Černohlávková, Eva (advisor) ; Nejedlý, Michal (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to introduce the main bank security instruments which are used in international trade. The first chapter is devoted to a fundamental overview of bank co-acceptance of bill, documentary letter of credit, bank payment obligation and bank guarantee. The second and the third chapters compose the core of the thesis. They are dedicated to two traditional bank security instruments, specifically; the documentary letter of credit and the bank guarantee. These two chapters describe the main characteristics of these instruments, the obligations of the parties, and, finally, the advantages and the disadvantages which arise from these instruments for the involved parties.
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